The National Cancer Registry Programme has generated reliable data on magnitude and patterns of cancer from different regions of the country. The consolidated data of 2012-14 from various Population Based (PBCR) and Hospital Based Cancer Registries (HBCR) has been released this week.
The highest age adjusted incidence rate (AAR) (271/100,000) of cancer of all anatomical sites among males is seen in Aizawl district in Mizoram State and among females in Papumpare district (AAR=249.0) of Arunachal Pradesh state. Among males, cancer of the mouth is the leading site in registry areas of western states of the country (Barshi Rural/expanded, Ahmadabad Urban, Nagpur, Pune and Wardha). Cancer of mouth is also the leading site in the registry of Bhopal, and the second leading site in Mumbai and Aurangabad. Lung cancer is the leading site of cancer in 10 of 27 PBCRs and the second or third leading site in another 9 PBCRs.
Among females, cancer of the breast is the leading site in 19 of 27 PBCRs and the second or third leading site in the remaining 8 PBCRs. Cancer of the cervix is the leading site of cancer in the rural areas in Barshi district of Maharashtra state, and in the states of Mizoram, Tripura and Nagaland. It is the second leading site in 16 PBCRs. Among females East Khasi Hills in Meghalya state had the highest AAR (9.1) for cancer of the mouth.
Cancer projections are important and useful to plan and prioritize health care services (both diagnostic and treatment) in India. The estimated total burden (for the country as a whole) of cancer for the year 2016 is around 1,450,000 new cases during 2016 and 1,730,000 new cases in 2020. Cancer of the breast with estimated 150,000 (over 10% of all cancers; 1.45 in females and 0.05 in males) new cases during 2016, is the number one cancer overall. Cancer of the lung is next with estimated 114,000 (83,000 in males and 31,000 in females) new cases during 2016 and 140,000 in 2020. Cancer of the cervix is the third most common cancer with estimated 100,000 new cases in 2016 and about 104,000 during 2020. Cancers associated with use of tobacco account for about 30% of all cancer in males and females.
For all sites of cancer, there was a significant increase (Annual Percentage Change (APC)) in males in the PBCRs at Bangalore, Chennai and Delhi and in females at Bangalore, Barshi and Bhopal registries. Among males, there was a significant increase in the incidence rates of cancers of the colon, rectum and prostate in the PBCRs at Bengaluru, Chennai and Delhi. Among females, there was a significant increase in the incidence rates of cancers of the breast, uterus, ovary and lung. All the PBCRs at Bengaluru, Barshi, Bhopal, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai showed a significant decrease in the incidence rate of cervical cancer.
Among males, more than 50% of the cancers were in organs associated with the use of tobacco in the cancer centres at Regional Cancer Centre, Nagpur (60%), Cachar Cancer Hospital, Cachar (57.3%), B.B. Borooah Cancer Hospital, Guwahati (56.0%), Malabar Cancer Centre, Kannur (53.3%) and Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh (53.2%). In the PBCRs the proportion ranged from 65.2% in Megahlaya to 24.4% in Nahralagun. Among females, 7 of 17 cancer centres with HBCRs had over 20% of cancers associated with use of tobacco. In the PBCRs this ranged from 42.3% in Meghalaya state to 6.9% in the districts of Arunachal Pradesh covered by Pasighat PBCR.
Most of the patients generally present themselves to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment when the disease has spread regionally or in an advanced stage. The overall proportion of patients visiting early – localized stage is only 12.5%.
source:healthsite